Exploring Vocabulary Acquisition: Strategies Employed By Polish Efl University Students At Different Proficiency Levels

Abstract

This study investigates vocabulary learning strategies used by Polish students majoring in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the university level. A questionnaire was administered to 215 participants from three universities in Poland. Prior to the questionnaire, participants completed the LexTale lexical test to assess their vocabulary knowledge and proficiency level. Research questions addressed the types of strategies employed, potential associations with proficiency levels, and strategies characteristic of different proficiency groups. Findings revealed that various strategies were employed, with technology-based sources, synonyms, keywords, and word repetition being among the most used. However, semantic mapping was less prevalent, particularly among lower proficiency learners. While no significant overall association between strategy use and proficiency levels was found, certain strategies were favoured by specific proficiency groups. Advanced learners demonstrated a preference for word structure analysis and interacting with native speakers. Future research directions include investigating strategies in specific language learning contexts and exploring relationships with other factors like learning styles. This study contributes to understanding learners' vocabulary acquisition processes and informs the development of effective teaching materials and tasks.